Romans Chapter 1

From The Open Bible Project

Paul's Letter to the Romans

1:1 Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, set apart for the Good News of God,

• (1) The first part of the epistle contains a most profitable preface down to verse six. (2) Paul, exhorting the Romans to give diligent heed to him, in that he shows that he comes not in his own name, but as God’s messenger to the Gentiles, entreats them with the weightiest matter that exists, promised long ago by God, by many good witnesses, and now at length indeed performed.
• (a) Minister, for this word "servant" is not taken in this place as set against the word "freeman", but rather refers to and declares his ministry and office.
• (b) Whereas he said before in a general term that he was a minister, now he comes to a more special name, and says that he is an apostle, and that he did not take this office upon himself by his own doing, but that he was called by God, and therefore in this letter of his to the Romans he is doing nothing but his duty.
• (c) Appointed by God to preach the gospel.

1:2 which he promised before through his prophets in the holy Scriptures,

1:3 concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,

• (3) By declaring the sum of the doctrine of the Gospel, he stirs up the Romans to consider well the matter about which he is entreating them: so then he shows that Christ (who is the very substance and sum of the gospel) is the only Son of God the Father, who with regard to his humanity is born of the seed of David, but with regard to his divine and spiritual nature, by which he sanctified himself, is begotten of the Father from everlasting, as also manifestly appears by his mighty resurrection.
• (d) This is a plain testimony of the person of Christ, that he is but one, and also a testimony of his two natures, and their properties.
• (e) Who received flesh from the virgin who was David’s daughter.
• (f) As he is man: for this word "flesh", by the figure of speech synecdoche, is taken for man.

1:4 who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,

• (g) Shown and made manifest.
• (h) The divine and mighty power is set against the weakness of the flesh, for it overcame death.

1:5 through whom we received grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, for his name's sake;

• (i) Of whom.
• (k) This marvellous, liberal, and gracious gift, which is given to me, the least of all the saints, to preach, etc.; see (Ephesians 3:8).
• (l) That men through faith might obey God.
• (m) For his name’s sake.

1:6 among whom you are also called to belong to Jesus Christ;

• (n) Who through God’s goodness belong to Christ.

1:7 to all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

• (o) God’s free good will: by "peace" the Hebrews mean a prosperous success in all things.

1:8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, that your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world.

• (4) He obtains their favourable patience, in that he points out what it is that they can be praised for, and his true apostolic good will toward them, confirmed by taking God himself as witness.
• (p) Because your faith is such that it is spoken well of in all churches.
• (q) In all churches.

1:9 For God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the Good News of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you always in my prayers,

• (r) Very willingly and with all my heart.
• (s) In preaching his Son.

1:10 requesting, if by any means now at last I may be prospered by the will of God to come to you.

1:11 For I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, to the end that you may be established;

1:12 that is, that I with you may be encouraged in you, each of us by the other's faith, both yours and mine.

• (t) Though Paul was ever so excellent, yet in teaching the church, he might be instructed by it.

1:13 Now I don't desire to have you unaware, brothers, that I often planned to come to you, and was hindered so far, that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles.

1:14 I am debtor both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to the wise and to the foolish.

1:15 So, as much as is in me, I am eager to preach the Good News to you also who are in Rome.

• (u) He means all those who dwell at Rome, though some of them were not Romans; see the end of the epistle.

1:16 For I am not ashamed of the Good News of Christ, for it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes; for the Jew first, and also for the Greek.

• (5) This is the second part of the epistle, until the beginning of chapter nine. Now the whole end and purpose of the discussion is this: that is to say, to show that there is but one way to attain unto salvation (which is displayed to us by God in the gospel, and that equally to every nation), and this way is Jesus Christ apprehended by faith.
• (x) God’s mighty and effectual instrument to save men by.
• (y) When this word "Greek" is contrasted with the word "Jew", then it signifies a Gentile.

1:17 For in it is revealed God's righteousness from faith to faith. As it is written, "But the righteous shall live by faith."[1]

• (6) The confirmation of the former proposition: we are taught in the gospel that we are instituted before God by faith, which increases daily, and therefore also saved.
• (z) From faith, which increases daily. (7) The proof of the first as well as of the second proposition, out of Habakkuk, who attributes and gives to faith both justice and life before God.

1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness,

• (8) Another confirmation of the principal question: all men being considered in themselves, or without Christ, are guilty both of ungodliness and also unrighteousness, and therefore are subject on condemnation: therefore they need to seek righteousness in someone else.
• (a) Against all types of ungodliness.
• (b) By "truth" Paul means all the light that is left in man since his fall, not as though they being led by this were able to come into favour with God, but that their own reason might condemn them of wickedness both against God and man.

1:19 because that which is known of God is revealed in them, for God revealed it to them.

• (9) By their ungodliness he proves that although all men have a most clear and evident mirror in which to behold the everlasting and almighty nature of God, even in his creatures, yet they have fallen away from those principles to most foolish and stupid ideas of their own brains, in their worship of God and of what God requires of them.
• (c) In their hearts.

1:20 For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made, even his everlasting power and divinity; that they may be without excuse.

• (d) You do not see God, and yet you acknowledge him as God by his works; Cicero.

1:21 Because, knowing God, they didn't glorify him as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless heart was darkened.

• (e) They did not honour him with that honour and service which was appropriate for his everlasting power and Godhead.
• (f) As if he said, became so corrupt in themselves.

1:22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

• (g) Or, thought themselves.

1:23 and traded the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed animals, and creeping things.

• (h) For the true God they substituted another.

1:24 Therefore God also gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to uncleanness, that their bodies should be dishonored among themselves,

• (10) The unrighteousness of men he sets forth first in this, that following their lusts, even against nature, they defiled themselves one with another, by the just judgment of God.
• (i) The contempt of religion is the source of all evil.
• (k) As a just judge.

1:25 who exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.

1:26 For this reason, God gave them up to vile passions. For their women changed the natural function into that which is against nature.

1:27 Likewise also the men, leaving the natural function of the woman, burned in their lust toward one another, men doing what is inappropriate with men, and receiving in themselves the due penalty of their error.

• (l) An appropriate reward and that which they deserved.

1:28 Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;

• (11) He proves the unrighteousness of man by referring to many types of wickedness, from which (if not from all, yet at the least from many of them) no man is altogether free.
• (m) To a corrupt and perverse mind, by which it comes to pass that the conscience, having been removed by them, and they having almost no more remorse for sin, run headlong into all types of evil.

1:29 being filled with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil habits, secret slanderers,

1:30 backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

1:31 without understanding, covenant breakers, without natural affection, unforgiving, unmerciful;

• (n) Not caring if they keep their covenants and bargains.

1:32 who, knowing the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.

• (o) By the "judgment of God" he means that which the philosophers called the "law of nature", and the lawyers themselves termed the "law of nations".
• (p) Are companions and partakers with them in their wickedness, and beside that, commend those who do wrong.